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| Ball bearing under normal illumination (a), and with ring light illumination at progressively decreasing distance to the
vertex of the ball bearing (b)-(f ). The arrows indicate locations of spalling (c) and (d), as well as deformations that give rise to waviness (e) and (f ). The corresponding distances between light source and bearing are: (b) 83 mm, (c) 45 mm, (d) 36 mm, (e) 32 mm and (f ) 27 mm. . Image credit: Measurement Science & Technology/Tuck Ng |
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